Educational guides
How to calculate end-of-service gratuity
End-of-service gratuity is the amount an employee is entitled to when their contract ends, usually calculated as a number of salary days for each year of service. Bands and bases differ widely between countries, and the basic salary plays a central role. This guide explains the calculation and follows the same example used by the end-of-service calculator on Klar.
How to calculate social-insurance contributions
Social insurance is a mandatory contribution paid by both the employee and the employer on the covered salary, funding pensions and retirement schemes in most countries. Rates and caps differ by country, and in the Gulf the contributions largely cover citizens. This guide explains the basics and matches the social-insurance calculator on Klar.
How to calculate the notice period
The notice period is the lead time that must precede the end of an employment contract, whether given by the employee or the employer. Labour laws in each country set the period, and it can vary with the length of service or the payment method. This guide explains the rules used by the calculator.
How to calculate maternity leave
Maternity leave is a statutory right whose length varies by country and can include details about pay before and after birth. This guide explains the durations used by the calculator and pay-split notes.
How to convert gross salary to net
The gross salary is what the employer pays, while the net salary is what you actually receive after statutory deductions. The conversion depends on the order of deductions and each country’s caps, and most Gulf states do not tax personal employment income. This guide explains the calculator’s steps.
How to calculate income tax on salary
Personal income tax on employment salaries is not uniform across the region: Jordan levies progressive brackets, most Gulf states levy none at all, and Oman has announced a personal tax for 2028. This guide explains what the calculator shows.
How to calculate a loan monthly payment
Before you borrow, it pays to know what your monthly payment will be and what the loan really costs. This guide explains how monthly payments work for fixed-rate loans, and why the amount you borrow is not the same as the total you end up paying. The worked example mirrors the values used by Klar’s loan payment calculator, so you can compare results directly.
What is compound interest and how does it work?
Compound interest is interest calculated on your original amount and on the interest that has already built up — interest on interest. This mechanism makes savings grow faster over time, and the longer the horizon, the greater its effect. This guide explains how compound interest works and how Klar’s compound interest calculator models it.
How to set and reach a savings goal
Successful saving starts with a clear goal: a specific amount you want to reach within a chosen timeframe. Once the goal is set, the real question becomes how much you need to save each month to get there. This guide walks through setting a goal and calculating the required monthly saving, using the same inputs as the savings goal calculator.
How to calculate VAT
Value-added tax (VAT) is charged on goods and services and added to the price the buyer pays. Three situations come up again and again: adding VAT to a net price, removing it from a gross price, and extracting the VAT amount from a price that already includes it. This guide covers all three using the same values as the VAT calculator.
Hourly vs monthly salary: how to compare
When evaluating a job offer, comparing full-time with part-time work, or weighing a job against freelancing, you may need to compare a monthly salary with an hourly rate. Converting between the two requires clear assumptions about working hours and days, because a monthly figure alone does not tell you the value of your time. This guide explains the relationship between hourly, daily, monthly and annual pay.
How to calculate overtime pay
Overtime hours are the hours you work beyond your normal weekly hours, and they are usually paid at a higher rate than your regular hourly rate, based on an agreed multiplier. To find out what you will earn, you need your base hourly rate, the overtime multiplier and the number of overtime hours. This guide walks through the steps and looks at how overtime relates to your leave balance.
How freelancers should set their rates
One of the hardest decisions freelancers face is what to charge for their work. A rate that seems reasonable can fail to cover real costs once leave and non-billable time are counted. This guide explains a systematic way to find both a minimum and a recommended hourly rate, following the same logic as the freelancer hourly-rate calculator.
The true cost of an employee: more than a salary
When planning a hire, it is easy to focus on the monthly salary, but the real cost of an employee goes well beyond it. That cost includes employer contributions, insurance, benefits and software, plus one-time costs such as recruiting, training and equipment. This guide breaks down the components and shows how Klar’s employee total-cost calculator adds them up.
How to calculate a mortgage
Buying a home with a mortgage is the largest financial commitment many people take on, and knowing the monthly payment and total cost before signing matters. This guide explains how mortgage payments are calculated, why the down payment matters, and how to read the annual repayment schedule. The worked example mirrors the values used by Klar’s mortgage calculator.
How to compare loan offers
Choosing the cheapest loan is not just about comparing interest rates: the term and fees change the picture completely. This guide explains which numbers to compare and why the offer with the smaller payment can end up costing more. The worked example mirrors the values used by Klar’s loan comparison calculator.
How early loan payoff works
A small extra monthly payment on your loan can shave years off the term and save more interest than you might expect. This guide explains how early payoff works, when it is actually worthwhile, and the assumptions behind the result. The worked example mirrors the values used by Klar’s early payoff calculator.
How to calculate zakat
Calculating zakat is simpler than it looks: add your zakatable wealth, subtract outstanding liabilities, and apply the 2.5% rate to the result. This guide walks through each step, where your responsibility for nisab and the lunar year begins, and sticks to the same numbers used by Klar’s zakat calculator.
How to plan retirement savings
The secret of retirement savings is time and compound interest: a modest monthly contribution grows silently over decades into a large balance. This guide explains how the result is built, how to enter the return correctly, and when estimates mislead. Its worked example sticks to the same values used by Klar’s retirement savings calculator.
How to calculate debt-to-income ratio
The debt-to-income (DTI) ratio is one number that summarizes how much your debts press on your income, and it is a metric lenders use to assess financing applications. This guide explains how it is computed, which numbers belong in the ratio and which stay out, and what the result means. Its worked example sticks to the same values used by Klar’s debt-to-income calculator.
How to understand BMI
Body mass index (BMI) is the most popular way to screen weight against height — useful and quick, but with clear limits. This guide explains how it is computed, what the bands mean, and when it misleads. Its worked example sticks to the same values used by Klar’s BMI calculator.
How to calculate BMR and TDEE
Knowing your body’s energy needs is the foundation of any diet or training plan. This guide explains what basal metabolic rate (BMR) and total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) mean, and how the calculator works them out with the Mifflin-St Jeor equation and an activity factor. Its worked example sticks to the same values used by Klar’s BMR calculator.
Healthy weight range explained
Instead of chasing a single "ideal" weight, science offers a healthy range of weights that fits your height. This guide explains where the range comes from, why it is a span rather than a point, and when the bounds differ between people. Its worked example sticks to the same values used by Klar’s ideal weight calculator.
How to estimate body fat
Body fat percentage tells you more about your body composition than weight alone. This guide explains the US Navy circumference method, how to measure accurately, and what the resulting bands mean. Its worked example sticks to the same values used by Klar’s body fat calculator.
How to set a calorie target
A daily calorie target is not a random number: it starts from your body’s energy needs and is then adjusted for your goal and how fast you want to reach it. This guide explains the steps to the target, what the pace adjustments mean, and when to be careful. Its worked example sticks to the same values used by Klar’s calorie intake calculator.
How to calculate your GPA
Your GPA is a credit-weighted average, not a simple count. This guide explains how letter grades map to points on the 4 and 5 scales, why weighting by credits matters, and how to avoid common mistakes. Its worked example sticks to the values used by Klar’s GPA calculator.
How to calculate a grade average
A grade average is the simplest measure of academic performance: the sum of grades divided by their count. This guide explains when a plain arithmetic mean is enough, when you need a credit-weighted average, and includes a worked example matching the grade average calculator.
How to plan your final grade
Before a final exam you need one practical question answered: how much do I have to score? This guide explains the weighted-average formula, how to read the results, and when a target is out of reach. Its worked example sticks to the values used by Klar’s final grade planner.
How to calculate age
Age is a calendar number: it is computed between a birth date and a given date in years, months and days. This guide explains how the calculator works, how it handles leap years and 29 February birthdays, and gives a worked example matching Klar’s age calculator.
How to count days between dates
The span between two dates appears two ways: a calendar breakdown into years, months and days, and an exact total of days and weeks. This guide explains when to use which, what the days residue means, and gives a worked example matching Klar’s date difference calculator.
How to tip appropriately
Tipping is a social convention rather than a legal obligation, but knowing the right figure makes paying easier. This guide explains how a tip is computed from the bill, how it is split within a group, and gives a worked example matching Klar’s tip calculator.
How to convert units
Converting units is easier than it looks: most conversions multiply the value by a fixed factor, while temperature has a special offset relationship. This guide explains the difference, how to read the conversion table, and gives a worked example matching Klar’s unit converter.
How to calculate markup and margin
Markup and margin describe the same profit on two different bases, and mixing them up is one of the most common pricing mistakes. This guide explains the difference, when to use each, and gives a worked example matching Klar’s markup & margin calculator.
How to calculate break-even
The break-even point tells you how many units you must sell until your revenue covers all costs. This guide explains the break-even formula, the condition that price must exceed variable cost, what the result means in practice, and gives a worked example matching Klar’s break-even calculator.
How to price wholesale and retail
When you buy goods wholesale you need a retail price that earns your target profit while staying acceptable to the customer. This guide explains the retail formula from wholesale cost and per-unit markup, and gives a worked example matching Klar’s wholesale to retail calculator.